Generic Lithium

Common use
Lithium is a mood stabilizer used primarily to treat bipolar disorder, helping to control episodes of mania, hypomania, and depression. It helps reduce the frequency and severity of mood swings and is often used long-term to prevent relapse. Lithium is also prescribed off-label for treatment-resistant depression and certain aggressive or impulsive behaviors. Its exact mechanism is not fully understood, but it is believed to influence neurotransmitter activity in the brain.

Dosage and direction
Lithium is usually taken two to three times daily, depending on the formulation and individual treatment plan. Dosage is personalized based on blood lithium levels, kidney function, and clinical response. It’s important to take lithium at the same times each day and stay well hydrated. Do not change your dose or stop taking it without consulting your healthcare provider.

Precautions
Before starting lithium, inform your doctor if you have kidney disease, heart problems, thyroid disorders, or are dehydrated. Lithium requires regular blood tests to monitor drug levels, kidney function, and thyroid activity. Avoid sudden changes in salt or fluid intake, as this can affect lithium levels. Be cautious in hot weather or during illness with vomiting or diarrhea, which can increase lithium toxicity risk.

Contraindications
Lithium should not be used in patients with significant renal impairment, severe cardiovascular disease, or known hypersensitivity to the compound. It is contraindicated during sodium depletion or dehydration. Use during pregnancy (especially the first trimester) and breastfeeding must be carefully considered due to potential harm to the fetus or infant. Elderly patients require extra caution due to reduced kidney function.

Possible side effect
Common side effects include nausea, tremor, increased thirst, frequent urination, and weight gain. More serious effects may include thyroid dysfunction, kidney issues, or signs of lithium toxicity (e.g., confusion, coordination problems, severe tremors). Long-term use may affect kidney or thyroid health. Seek immediate medical help if signs of toxicity appear.

Drug interaction
Lithium interacts with NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, and some antidepressants, which can increase lithium levels and toxicity risk. Caffeine, salt intake, and dehydration can also affect drug levels. Always inform your doctor about all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Avoid alcohol and recreational drugs while on lithium.

Missed dose
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it’s almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed one — never double up. Missing doses can lead to mood instability. Try to take your medication consistently every day.

Overdose
Lithium overdose can be life-threatening. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, confusion, slurred speech, drowsiness, muscle weakness, and seizures. Seek emergency medical attention immediately. Treatment may involve hospitalization, IV fluids, and possibly dialysis.

Storage
Store lithium at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep the medication in its original container with the lid tightly closed. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Do not use expired tablets; dispose of them properly.

Disclaimer

We provide only general information about medications which does not cover all directions, possible drug integrations, or precautions. Information at the site cannot be used for self-treatment and self-diagnosis. Any specific instructions for a particular patient should be agreed with your health care adviser or doctor in charge of the case. We disclaim reliability of this information and mistakes it could contain. We are not responsible for any direct, indirect, special or other indirect damage as a result of any use of the information on this site and also for consequences of self-treatment.

Clinical Verification

Last Clinically Updated: August 15, 2026

Written By

Dr. Elena Vance, PharmD

Clinical Specialist in Neuropharmacology

Fact Checked By

Marcus Thorne, MS

Biomedical Data & FDA Label Verification

Medically Reviewed By

Dr. Arthur Campbell, MD

Board-Certified Psychiatrist (ABPN)