Generic Theophylline

Common use

Theophylline is a bronchodilator used to treat symptoms of asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and COPD. It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways and opening breathing passages, improving airflow to the lungs. It also has mild anti-inflammatory properties that support long-term respiratory health. This medication is typically used as a maintenance therapy, not for sudden asthma attacks.

Dosage and direction

Theophylline is available in tablet, capsule, or liquid form and is usually taken once or twice daily, depending on the formulation. Dosing is highly individualized, based on factors such as age, weight, liver function, and blood levels. It’s best to take it with a full glass of water and at the same time each day. Avoid crushing extended-release tablets unless advised by your doctor.

Precautions

Before using theophylline, inform your doctor if you have heart disease, liver problems, seizure disorders, or stomach ulcers. Caffeine can intensify side effects, so limit intake of coffee, tea, or cola. Smoking may reduce the drug's effectiveness, so changes in smoking habits should be discussed with your doctor. Regular blood tests may be required to monitor theophylline levels.

Contraindications

Theophylline should not be used in individuals with hypersensitivity to the drug or active peptic ulcers. It is contraindicated in patients experiencing seizures not adequately controlled or uncontrolled arrhythmias. Use with caution in elderly patients and those with thyroid disorders. Always follow your doctor’s recommendations to avoid complications.

Possible side effect

Common side effects include nausea, headache, insomnia, irritability, and tremors. Higher doses or elevated blood levels may cause vomiting, rapid heartbeat, restlessness, or even seizures. Serious reactions such as irregular heartbeat or confusion require immediate medical attention. Most side effects are dose-dependent and can be managed by adjusting therapy.

Drug interaction

Theophylline interacts with many drugs, including antibiotics (like ciprofloxacin), seizure medications, heart drugs, and oral contraceptives. These interactions can increase or decrease blood levels of theophylline, affecting its safety and effectiveness. Inform your doctor of all prescription and over-the-counter drugs, including herbal supplements. Routine monitoring is essential when starting or stopping any medication.

Missed dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it’s nearly time for your next dose. Do not double up doses. Return to your regular schedule. Missing multiple doses may reduce effectiveness and increase the risk of breathing problems.

Overdose

Overdose symptoms include nausea, vomiting, restlessness, tremors, seizures, and irregular heartbeat. Overdosing on theophylline can be life-threatening and requires emergency medical care. Treatment typically involves supportive measures and possibly activated charcoal or blood filtration. Never exceed your prescribed dosage.

Storage

Store theophylline at room temperature (20°C–25°C / 68°F–77°F), away from heat, moisture, and direct sunlight. Keep it in its original container and out of reach of children. Do not use expired medication. Ask your pharmacist how to dispose of unused or expired tablets properly.

Disclaimer

We provide only general information about medications which does not cover all directions, possible drug integrations, or precautions. Information at the site cannot be used for self-treatment and self-diagnosis. Any specific instructions for a particular patient should be agreed with your health care adviser or doctor in charge of the case. We disclaim reliability of this information and mistakes it could contain. We are not responsible for any direct, indirect, special or other indirect damage as a result of any use of the information on this site and also for consequences of self-treatment.

Clinical Verification

Last Clinically Updated: August 15, 2026

Written By

Dr. Elena Vance, PharmD

Clinical Specialist in Neuropharmacology

Fact Checked By

Marcus Thorne, MS

Biomedical Data & FDA Label Verification

Medically Reviewed By

Dr. Arthur Campbell, MD

Board-Certified Psychiatrist (ABPN)